This case study presents the practical experience during the implementation of a fiber optic-based strain monitoring system on a gas pipeline being built in United States of America, designed to detect and measure soil movements and induced strains. The primary objective of the implementation was to ensure the integrity of the pipeline by providing continuous monitoring of the mechanical stresses exerted on the pipeline because of ground movements, such as landslides or subsidence. The sensors used in this project were bonded directly onto the surface of the pipeline using specialized adhesive materials to ensure proper alignment and secure installation.

The fiber optic sensors operate based on Brillouin scattering principles, which allows for accurate and real-time measurements of strain distribution along the interested section of the pipeline. The distributed nature of these sensors enables them to cover long distances with high spatial resolution, making them ideal for monitoring large-scale infrastructure projects. This technology offers several advantages over traditional strain gauge methods, including immunity to electromagnetic interference, high sensitivity, the ability to function in harsh environmental conditions, and not requiring energy sources or telecom infrastructure in the vicinity of the measuring zone.

The data collected from the sensors was integrated into a real-time monitoring system, allowing for the early detection of potential issues that could compromise the structural integrity of the pipeline. This early warning capability is essential for implementing preventative maintenance and mitigating potential risks before they escalated into critical situations.

This technical paper focuses on the deployment of the fiber during pipeline construction in a mountainous area and the lessons learned during and after the installation and commissioning of the system, as well as the rationale for selecting the fiber optic-based system. The technology can certainly improve the safety and operational reliability of pipelines exposed to challenging environmental conditions.