CO2SafePipe: Design and Operation of CO2 pipelines
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Bente Leinum
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Bente Leinum, Sigbjørn Røneid, Harald Wathne, Lars Even Torbergsen
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Abstract

As the Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) sector is maturing and experiences are gained through R&D and projects, keeping the industry standards up to date and aligned with the latest knowledge is central to quickly tackle challenges as they arise and for the development of a cost-effective industry. This is especially true for pipelines, where both new built pipeline projects and use of existing infrastructure are key for the development of a sustainable CCS value chain. The DNV Joint Industry Project ‘CO2SafePipe’ was kicked off in September 2023 with more than 20 participants. The aim is to collect industry best practice, close knowledge gaps and provide guidance towards pipeline system design, safety, operability, and transport capacity with a view to update DNV’s RP-F104 /1/ at the end. An important decision for a CO2 pipeline system is whether the product is  transported in gaseous or dense phase. Even though dense phase may be considered the most attractive option from a pipeline CAPEX perspective, local regulations and/or safety risk assessments may favor gaseous phase, e.g. for CO2 gathering networks in densely populated areas. It is acknowledged that the criteria for documenting fracture arrest differ between gaseous and dense phase, also considering possible variations in CO2 compositions and the effect on the CO2-decompression curve. Arresting running ductile fractures in pipelines transporting CO2 has proven to be more challenging than in transporting natural gas, and many pipelines fall outside the applicability range of the requirements laid out in DNV-RP-F104. Another topic is the impurities in the CO2 composition. As cleaning the CO2 from the various industry emitters comes with a cost, it is desirable to limit the need for cleaning of harmful impurity elements by keeping its composition as wide as possible without jeopardizing the risk of corrosion and material degradation. 

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