Since its inception in 2020, the European Hydrogen Backbone initiative has envisioned a Pan-European hydrogen transport infrastructure. The realization of this future network hinges on the integration of repurposed existing natural gas infrastructure and new construction. When repurposing, a notable increase in the volumetric flow through the pipeline is anticipated to achieve equivalent energy density while transitioning from natural gas (a heavier gas) to hydrogen (a lighter gas). Although existing compressor stations might not require relocation, they may need to operate at higher pressure levels to offset increasing losses, particularly as the pipelines transport increased flow rates. Given the significant volumetric flow involved, turbo-compressors emerge as the most cost-effective compression solution. However, further technological advancements are needed to manage the increase in pressure-ratio required for compressing hydrogen for transport through pipelines and the challenges associated with the dynamic compression of the lower molecular weight gas.

This paper focuses on the necessary modifications to the compressor infrastructure linked to the European hydrogen backbone. It highlights recent compressor technological advancements made by Siemens Energy geared towards enhancing compressor economics, illustrates the necessary alterations in compressor train architecture, and the resulting impact on power consumption and footprint during the transition to hydrogen transport. Furthermore, the paper underscores basic considerations for compressor stations operating on hydrogen produced from renewable energy sources as a function of time for the expected hydrogen market. With the prospect of hydrogen supply from renewable sources, daily fluctuations and a steadily increasing volume are factors that need to be integrated into the architecture of the compressor head station.